This is the MCQs in SONET/SDH from book the Data Communications and Networking 4th Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan. If you are looking for a reviewer in Electronics Systems and Technologies (Communications Engineering) this will definitely help you before taking the Board Exam.
The topic discuss the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) which is a standard developed by ANSI for fiber-optic networks while the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a similar standard developed by ITU-T. If you skip the summary and important terminology visit SONET/SDH .
Begin and Good luck!
Choose the letter of the best answer in each questions.
1. In SONET each frame lasts _______ microseconds.
- A) 20
- B) 64
- C) 125
- D) none of the above
2. A linear SONET network can be __________.
- A) multipoint
- B) point-to-point
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
3. The path overhead consists of ______ bytes.
- A) 18
- B) 9
- C) 6
- D) 1
4. _______ is a standard developed by ITU-T.
- A) SONET
- B) SDH
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
5. A ______ is the portion of the network between two multiplexers.
- A) line
- B) path
- C) section
- D) none of the above
6. A ________ is a repeater.
- A) ADM
- B) regenerator
- C) STS multiplexer/demultiplexer
- D) none of the above
7. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical section.
- A) path
- B) section
- C) photonic
- D) line
8. In ______ APS, there is one working line and one protection line. The data are normally sent on the working line until it fails.
- A) one-to-one
- B) one-plus-one
- C) one-to-many
- D) none of the above
9. Line overhead consists of ________ bytes.
- A) 18
- B) 9
- C) 6
- D) 1
10. In SONET, for each frame, the bytes are transmitted __________.
- A) from left to the right, bottom to top
- B) from left to the right, top to bottom
- C) from right to the left, top to bottom
- D) from right to the left, bottom to top
11. Each ________in a SONET frame can carry a digitized voice channel.
- A) frame
- B) bit
- C) byte
- D) none of the above
12. An STS-1 frame is made ______columns.
- A) 90
- B) 9
- C) 1
- D) none of the above
13. The ______ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its optical source to its optical destination.
- A) line
- B) path
- C) photonic
- D) section
14. The ____ layer is responsible for the movement of a signal across a physical line.
- A) line
- B) path
- C) photonic
- D) section
15. An STS multiplexer is a ______ device.
- A) four-layer
- B) three-layer
- C) two-layer
- D) one-layer
16. A ring SONET network can be _________.
- A) bidirectional
- B) unidirectional
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
17. _______ is a standard developed by ANSI for fiber-optic networks.
- A) SDH
- B) SONET
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
18. An add/drop multiplexer is a ______ device.
- A) four-layer
- B) three-layer
- C) two-layer
- D) one-layer
19. In SONET, for each byte, the bits are transmitted ____________.
- A) from most significant to the least significant
- B) from least significant to the most significant
- C) three at a time
- D) two at a time
20. A _______ is the optical link connecting two neighbor devices.
- A) path
- B) line
- C) section
- D) none of the above
21. A ______is the end-to-end portion of the network between two STS multiplexers.
- A) line
- B) path
- C) section
- D) none of the above
22. The _______ layer corresponds to the physical layer of the OSI model.
- A) photonic
- B) path
- C) line
- D) section
23. SONET is a _______ TDM system.
- A) statistical
- B) asynchronous
- C) synchronous
- D) none of the above
24. An STS-3 frame is made of ______ rows.
- A) 27
- B) 9
- C) 1
- D) none of the above
25. SONET defines _______ layers.
- A) five
- B) four
- C) three
- D) two
26. In ________ APS, there are normally two lines: one working line and one protection line. Both lines are active all the time.
- A) one-to-one
- B) one-to-many
- C) one-plus-one
- D) none of the above
27. __________ allow insertion and extraction of signals.
- A) STS multiplexer/demultiplexers
- B) regenerators
- C) ADMs
- D) none of the above
28. An STS-3 frame is made of ________ columns.
- A) 270
- B) 90
- C) 9
- D) none of the above
29. SONET has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.
- A) STMs
- B) STSs
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
30. An ______ signal is the optical modulation of an STS-n (or STM-n) signal.
- A) FDM-n
- B) OC-n
- C) TDM-n
- D) none of the above
31. A regenerator is a ________ device.
- A) three-layer
- B) one-layer
- C) two-layer
- D) four-layer
32. An STS-1 frame is made of ________ rows
- A) 90
- B) 9
- C) 1
- D) none of the above
33. SDH has defined a hierarchy of signals called ________.
- A) STMs
- B) STSs
- C) either (a) or (b)
- D) neither (a) nor (b)
34. To make SONET backward-compatible with the current hierarchy, its frame design includes a system of ____.
- A) VTs
- B) STSs
- C) STMs
- D) OCs
35. SONET network topologies can be __________.
- A) ring
- B) mesh
- C) linear
- D) all of the above
36. SONET sends ________ frames per second.
- A) 8000
- B) 4000
- C) 2000
- D) 1000
37. A SONET system can use _________.
- A) regenerators
- B) add/drop multiplexers
- C) STS multiplexers
- D) all of the above
38. In ________APS, there is only one protection line for many working lines. When a failure occurs in one of the working lines, the protection line takes control until the failed line is repaired.
- A) one-to-one
- B) one-plus-one
- C) one-to-many
- D) none of the above
39. The section overhead consists of ______octets.
- A) 18
- B) 9
- C) 6
- D) 1
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