PinoyBIX Engineering Problem Solving and Reference

Defining Terms

Acceptor: Ionized, negative-charged immobile dopant atom (ion) in a p-type semiconductor after the release of a hole.

Avalanche breakdown: In the reverse-biased diode, hole–electron pairs are generated in the depletion region by ionization, thus by the lattice collision with energetic electrons and holes.

Bandgap energy: Energy difference between the conduction band and the valence band in a semiconductor.

Barrier voltage: A voltage which develops across the junction due to uncovered immobile ions on both sides of the junction. Ions are uncovered due to the diffusion of mobile carriers across the junction.

Boltzmann relation: Relates the density of particles in one region to that in an adjacent region, with the potential energy between both regions.

Carrier lifetime: Time an injected minority carrier travels before its recombination with a majority carrier.

Concentration gradient: Difference in carrier concentration.

Diffusion: Movement of free carriers in a semiconductor caused by the difference in carrier densities (concentration gradient). Also movement of dopands during fabrication of diffused diodes.

Diffusion capacitance: Change in charge of injected carriers corresponding to change in forward bias voltage in a diode.

Diffusion constant: Product of the thermal voltage and the mobility in a semiconductor.

Donor: Ionized, positive-charged immobile dopant atom (ion) in an n-type semiconductor after the release of an electron.

Drift: Movement of free carriers in a semiconductor due to the electric field.

Ideality factor: The factor determining the deviation from the ideal diode characteristic m = 1. At small and large currents m ≈ 2.

Incremental model: Small-signal differential (incremental) semiconductor diode equivalent RC circuit of a diode, biased in a dc operating point.

Incremental resistance: Small-signal differential (incremental) resistance of a diode, biased in a dc operating point.

Junction capacitance: Change in charge of immobile ions in the depletion region of a diode corresponding to a change in reverse bias voltage on a diode.

Majority carriers: Holes are in majority in a p-type semiconductor; electrons are in majority in an n-type semiconductor.

Minority carriers: Electrons in a p-type semiconductor are in minority; holes are in majority. Similarly, holes are in minority in an n-type semiconductor and electrons are in majority.

Reverse breakdown: At the reverse breakdown voltage the diode can conduct a large current in the reverse direction.

Reverse generation-recombination current: Part of the reverse current in a diode caused by the generation of hole–electron pairs in the depletion region. This current is voltage dependent because the depletion region width is voltage dependent.

Reverse saturation current: Part of the reverse current in a diode which is caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage.

Temperature coefficient: Relative variation ΔX/X of a value X over a temperature range, divided by the difference in temperature ΔT.

Zener breakdown: In the reverse-biased diode, hole–electron pairs are generated by a large electric field in the depletion region.

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This is the Section 2 Module 23 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 23

Question	Answer
1. Capacitance is not affected by:	Plate Thickness
2. To increase speed in processor limited operations in sorting out small tables one must?	Add cache memory
3. To increase speed if processor is limited by 1Mb of memory one must?	Add main memory
4. Ideal transformer has?	No core loss, no winding resistance and infinite permeability (all of the choices)
5. GaAs is used in LED’s because?	It emits more light
6. Light from a GaAs LED is in what range?	Infrared
7. Computers that deal with discrete data are called?	Digital computers
8. Capacitor terminology that is used to indicate power factor, loss factor and dielectric loss is what?	Tangent of the loss angle
9. An AC bridge that is used to measure air capacitance of two air capacitors is called?	De Sauty bridge
10. In microwaves, it is used as an oscillator that operates within the range of 10 – 1000 GHz is?	IMPATT diode
11. In tape recording the commercial standard is?	Nine-track format
12. The Maxwell-Wien Bridge is used to measure what?	Inductance
13. In tape recording, the time to move from one sector and read the data is called?	Access time
14. In tape recording, the time it takes to move from one location to another is called?	Seek time
15. In tape recording, the time it takes to spin one sector is called?	Latency time
16. A type of meter that is used to measure only direct currents?	Permanent Magnet type
17. Periodic waveforms possessing half wave symmetry has no?	Even harmonics
18. It is a charge given to a battery after it is taken out.	Bench charge
19. The efficiency of a single photovoltaic cell is?	20 to 30%
20. It is a coding technique used to code data in an 80 column by 12 row cards.	Hollerith Code
21. What do you call the minute and rapid fluctuations in capacitance?	Scintillation
22. LASCR operates as a?	Latch
23. The CMRR of an ideal op-amp/diff-amp is?	Infinite
24. What is the output of an ideal diff-amp if both of the inputs has equal signals	Zero
25. The maximum ambient temperature for EIA precision resistors is?	125 deg C
26. In IC fabrication, it is used to clean out organic substances.	Acetone
27. The typical range of Zener voltage is?	24 to 200 V
28. In computers, 6M means?	6 x 10 ^20 bytes
29. In tape recording, it is denoted as the number of bits per square inch?	Aerial density
30. Foreground processing-	Runs at Real Time
31. Electrical intensity has the unit of	V/m or N/C
32. Virtual Mode is also known as?	Emulation Mode
33. The typical voltage value of Supertension cables is?	33kV
34. Toroids are sometimes better than Solenoids because?	All of the magnetic fields are concentrated in the core.
35. An increase in resistance in a device with respect to a change in temperature that follows a linear behavior is called?	Temperature coefficient
36. A type of general purpose computer that processes complex operations and runs programs simultaneously	Mainframe computer
37. Cascading of amplifiers will?	Increase the gain and increase the bandwidth
38. The Wien L/C bridge is called so because?	It is balanced with L and C as its arms
39. An inexpensive substance that has a boiling point of 78K	Liquid nitrogen
40. Before illuminating LED’s must be?	Reversed-biased
41. An LED is just like a _____ PN junction.	Forward-biased
42. The resistance of a photodiode is ____ proportional to the illumination.	Inversely proportional
43. Applying a complex signal to a purely inductive reactance will?	Show less distortion
44. Damping force acts only on?	Moving instruments
45. What is this effect “resistance is reduced while working of VHF frequencies due to dielectric losses”	Boella Effect
46. Part of the microprocessor that executes commands and manipulates data	Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
47. Temporary data storage that utilizes Last-In-First-Out procedures?	Stack
48. A program that lies between application software and hardware is?	Operating Program
49. Type of static electricity formed by rubbing fur with silk?	Resinous
50. Type of static electricity formed by rubbing glass into rubber?	Vitreous
51. In applying a complex signals to a purely capacitive reactance, the portion of the input signal that is present in the third harmonic is ____ the original signal.	One-Third
52. Generation of computers that appears more human like.	Sixth Generation
53. All resistors except the ones that is rated at 1/8 power rating has a maximum allowable change of ____ in a 1000 watt-hour load test.	10%
54. Darlington pairs are frequently used in ICs because	They are readily formed by two adjacent transistors
55. Emitter follower configuration is called so because the _____follows the ___ voltage.	Base
56. Memory that is used in retrieval of frequently read data for faster retrieval	Cache Memory
57. It is a type of capacitor that has a low temperature coefficient and has a good temperature and frequency stability that is used in precision applications such as filter applications	Mica
58. Which is not a control character?	%
59. Inexpensive semiconductors such as Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) and Cadmium Telluride has an efficiency of?	3% - 15%
60. Class of ceramic capacitors that are fixed and are often used for bypass and coupling applications	Class 1
61. Class of ceramic capacitors that are temperature compensating	Class 1
62. Heavyside – Campbell Equal Ratio Bridge is used to measure?	Self inductance in terms of mutual inductance
63. Hays bridge measures?	Inductive impedance with a large phase angle
64. In Op-amps ____ voltage output depends on?	Zener voltage and voltage divider resistors
65. Anderson Bridge is a modification of?	Hays Bridge
66. Compared to LED, one main advantage of LCD is that it has	Extremely low power
67. Class of ceramic capacitor which includes Barium Tantanate which uses reduced oxidized layer or diffusion zone as its dielectric.	Class 3
68. Resistor that is effective for frequencies for about 100kHz	Carbon Composition Resistor
69. Silicon is used in Zener diodes because?	It has a high voltage and current capacity
70. Magnetic tape Operation in which the read or write happens while the tape is running	Streaming.
71. Increase in dielectric in a vacuum is called?	Dielectric constant, Capacivity, relative permeability (all of the choices)
72. Non-sinusoidal waves are made up of?	Different sine waves
73. Wattage rating is the maximum power that the resistor can dissipate assuming what factor?	Specific life, stated long term drift from its no load value and standard ambient temperature (all of the choices)

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

---

This is the Section 2 Module 22 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 22

Question	Answer
1. Typical Resistivity of insulators	1 x 109 to 1 x 1025
2. Typical Resistivity of conductors	1 x 10-6 to 1 x 10-4
3. Typical Resistivity of semiconductors	1 x 10-4 to 1 x 109
4. Forward biasing a PN junction diode	Reduces its barrier potential
5. Reverse biasing a PN junction diode	Increases its barrier potential
6. Which of the following is a natural intrinsic semiconductor?	InP
7. The arrow in a transistor symbol indicates?	Hole flow
8. Resistance of a CB configuration goes	From low resistance to high resistance
9. What is this theory ”” insert meaning of substitution theory here	Substitution Theory
10. Superposition theory is only applicable in devices that are?	Linear and bilateral
11. Peak inverse voltage of a diode is	1000V
12. Forward break over value of a silicon diode rectifier is	600A
13. If inductors are used as heating coils, they are placed in what arrangement in order to be heated at maximum?	All in Parallel
14. A small increase in the internal resistance of an amplifier corresponds to?	Small Decrease in voltage gain
15. Transistor early effect uses what principle	Base narrowing
16. The main current in a normally biased NPN transistor is	Drift current
17. The source voltage of a half wave rectifier circuit is Vm the maximum value of the voltage across the diode is?	Vm
18. A half wave rectifier works only for?	Less than half of the cycle
19. A full wave rectifier works for?	Half of the cycle
20. What will happen if the operating point was moved closer to the cut-off region	The output will show distortions
21. What must be done to increase the current passing through a PN junction	The recombination of electrons and holes must decrease
22. Why must the emitter be heavily doped?	In order to give out maximum power
23. Transformer coupled class A amplifier has an efficiency of?	50%
24. The Q point is located in the center of the dc load line?	So that only small dc voltage is needed
25. The output of a common emitter circuit is?	Out-of-phase
26. A zener diode has?	A negative resistance
27. It points to the address of the next instruction to be run?	Program counter
28. Which element has transition temperature of 72.6K	Lead
29. What is the conductivity of annealed silver?	108.8%
30. What is the conductivity of 99.99% gold	72.6%
31. Which of the following is not usually used to label potentiometer?	Blue
32. 1 Kwh is equal to?	850kcal
33. Which resistor is most effective in high frequencies?	Film Type
34. What will happen to the output signal if the operating point is in the saturation region?	The output might be driven intro thermal runaway
35. What is the conductivity of 99.95% aluminum?	63%
36. Improper biasing causes	Distortion in the output signal
37. Potentiometer – “always counterclockwise limit”	Yellow
38. Potentiometer – “always clockwise limit”	Green
39. Potentiometer – “Wiper”	Red
40. Transformer coupling of class A amplifiers is done to increase	Efficiency
41. The most noticeable effect of a small increase in temperature in a CE arranged transistor is?	Increase in ICEO
42. PNP transistor with normal bias	The emitter-base junction is forward biased and the collector-base junction is reversed biased
43. In a PNP transistor electron flows into	The collector and base leads
44. The emitter current in a junction transistor is	Designated at ICO
45. Transistor terminal voltage is positive if	The terminal is more positive than the common terminal
46. Conductivity of pure annealed copper	102.1%
47. The space charge region In a junction diode contains charges that are called	Fixed donor and acceptor
48. Common Emitter arrangement of transistor has	Medium input resistance high output resistance
49. If PN junction bias voltage is increased from zero to a higher value current flow increase rapidly due to a small value of voltage	Only after the forward bias exceeds the potential barrier
50. If PN junction bias voltage is increased from zero to a higher value current flow increase rapidly and will result to a small value of voltage	If Minority carriers are enough to cause an avalanche breakdown
51. The main difference of an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor is that	The emitter injects the region with holes in PNP and with electrons in NPN
52. Beta plot	VCB vs IC with constant IB
53. High resistance of reversed bias is due to	Large change in collector voltage causing little change in collector current
54. Minority Carriers crossing the junction depends on	The magnitude of the potential barrier
55. Which of the following types of resistor is not used for frequencies above 50kHz	Wirewound
56. The emitter of an PNP transistor is more heavily doped that the base	So that the flow across the region is due to the holes
57. Volt ampere plot in Common Base	VCB vs IC for constant IE
58. The register that holds the location of the current instruction being executed	Instruction Register
59. Capacitance of a PN junction	Increases as reverse bias decreases
60. Capacitance of a reversed bias PN junction	Depends mainly on the reverse saturation current
61. Transistor terminal is positive if	Electron flows out of the terminal
62. A small increase in collector reverse bias voltage will	Increase collector current
63. Class of superconductor with transition temperature at 30K	First Class
64. Which of the following does not refer to the number of instructions per second	Interrupt
65. The Quiescent state of a transistor is	When no signal is applied at input
66. CE Volt ampere plot	VCB vs IC with constant IB
67. Avalanche occurs	If reverse bias exceeds certain value
68. Temperature at which there is a complete absence of molecular motion	Absolute zero
69. It is a high level language that is function oriented that is capable for low level machine control	C Language
70. A Principal node is	A junction where branch currents can recombine and divide
71. The difference of a mesh current and a branch current is	A mesh current is an assumed current and a branch current is an actual current and mesh current does not divide at a branch point
72. In a CE transistor current gain, the collector voltage is held constant so that	Changes in collector current is due to change in base current
73. ICBO	Increases with temperature
74. Silicon is doped with ____ in order to have electrons as its majority carriers	Antimony
75. Transistor action	Base region should be narrow
76. In an unbiased PN junction in equilibrium current is	Zero, because of equal but opposite direction of carriers crossing the junction
77. In reverse saturation current	Only minority carriers are crossing the region
78. In a PN junction if the current is zero	The number of majority carriers equals the number of minority carriers crossing
79. CE input volt ampere plot	VCB vs IB with constant VCE
80. ICBO flows	In the collector and base leads
81. ICEO is	Collector current with base current equals zero
82. In a forward biased PN junction	Only majority carriers is injected into the region
83. In PN junction holes diffuse from P region to N region because	The concentration of holes are greater in the P region than in the N region
84. Compared to CB, CE has	Higher current amplification
85. Water heater requires 1000kWh to be heated if there is 25% of energy loss the total energy must be equal to	1333kWh
86. A round wire increase from gauge 1 to 40	The diameter and are decreases
87. LED uses	Reverse bias junction
88. Positional barrier at PN junction is due to	Fixed donor and acceptor
89. Diode barrier potential offers opposition only to	The majority carriers
90. Signal handling capacity of an amplifier is high	If the operating point nears operating point
91. ICBE	Flows in reverse direction to the collector with the emitter open
92. The increase of formation of holes and free electrons with an increase in temperature	Thermal carrier generation
93. Which has more resistance 100m no 12 copper wire or 100m no 12 aluminum wire	100m no 12 aluminum wire
94. DC load line	Has a negative slope
95. Positive swing clips the output	Towards the cutoff region
96. If positive voltage signal is applied to a base of a normally biased NPN	The collector voltage becomes less positive
97. The emitter of a normally biased transistor	Has low resistance
98. If the collector dissipation is zero the Q point increases with excitation in	Class B
99. If a KVL is taken not in the complete loop the total voltage	Is the sum of voltages form the start point to the end point
100. Which of the following is not true about 0K	The valence and conduction band of an intrinsic semiconductor overlaps
101. Aluminum has a transition temperature of	1.2K

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

---

This is the Section 2 Module 21 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 21

1. The unit that transforms data into information

Wand Reader

2. In a series RC circuit, where R is equal to Xc, the phase angle is

-45 degrees

3. The collector feedback bias is

based on the principle of negative feedback

4. The speed in which the data can find a data

Access time

5. Motor action tends to produce motion

Stronger field towards the weaker field

6. Bias current compensation

produces output error voltage

7. Silicon is widely used over germanium because of several advantages, what is the most significant advantage?

Low lead current

8. A laminated iron core transformer has reduced eddy current losses because

The laminations are isolated from each other

9. In electromagnetism, what law determines the amount of induced voltage

Faraday’s law

10. When applying Kirchhoff's current law,

consider all currents flowing into a branch point positive and all currents and away from that point negative

11. In a program, drawing a flowchart is a means to

Plan the solution

12. The presence of both data and scalated instructions

Encapsulation

13. What is the law whereby the force of attraction and repulsion between poles is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance between them

Coulomb’s second law

14. In a common mode, an identical signal

appears in both input

15. When current in a conductor increases, Lenz’ law states that the self- induced potential will

Produce current opposite to the increasing current

16. Assigning more sectors to outer disk tracks

Zone recording

17. In the forward blocking region, the SCR is

In the off state

18. The physical motion resulting from the forces of two magnetic fields is called

Motor action

19. The output of the am detector goes to the

Audio amplifier

20. For operation as an amplifier, the base of an NBP transistor must be

Positive with respect to the emitter

21. If the north pole of a permanent magnet is placed near the soft iron, what is the polarity of the nearest induced pole

South Pole

22. A cascode amplifier consists of

a CS and a CG amplifier

23. In a transistor amplifier, if the base emitter junction is open, the collector voltage is

Vcc

24. The geographic north pole of the earth has

South magnetic polarity

25. Two dissimilar networks can be connected by a

Gateway

26. A PN junction is formed by

The boundary of a p type and a n type material

27. At the upper critical frequency, the peak output voltage of a certain amplifier is 10V. The peak voltage in the mid range of the amplifier is

Transistor capacitances

28. The ability to return the change disc record into its original form is called

Updating and

29. If one of the diodes in a bridge full wave rectifier opens, the output is

A half wave rectified voltage

30. In the rectifier circuit, if the secondary winding in the transformer opens, the output is

0V

31. In developing a program, documentation should be done

Throughout the process

32. The final output of an AM demodulator is the

Audio signal

33. The channel of a JFET is between the

Drain and source

34. The purpose of a pentavalent impurity is to

Increase the number of free electrons

35. Another name for collaborative software

Groupware

36. Which of the following metals below is the most least conductor of electricity

Silver

37. In a series RL circuit where XL is equal to R, the phase angle is

45 degrees

38. For an op-amp with negative feedback, the output is

Fed back tot he inverting input

39. The weakest link in any computer system

The people in it

40. When a small voltage is generated across the width of the conductor carrying current in an external magnetic field, the effect is called

The hall effect

41. Registers that collect the result of computations are

Accumulators

42. The measured voltage across an unloaded secondary of a transformer is usually

Five to ten percent higher than the rated secondary voltage

43. In an Am receiver system, the audio amplifier

Has a typical bandwidth of 3kHz to 15kHz

Follows the detector

Drives the speaker

All choices are correct

44. Permission for an organization to make copies for a certain software

Side License

45. Cells can be connected in series parallel

to increase the voltage and current capacity above that of a single cell

46. Which is not another name for memory

Secondary storage

47. When low pass filters are cascaded,

the roll of rate increases

48. The disadvantages of base bias is that

It is too beta dependent

49. Soft copy refers to

Screen output

50. A plastic film capacitor whose coded value is 833m measures 0.025uF when tested with a capacitor inductor analyzer, the measured capacitance is

Slightly out of tolerance

51. 5 D-sized alkaline cells in series have a combined voltage of

7.5 V

52. In all cases of electromagnetic induction, the current setup by an induced voltage tends to create flux whose direction opposes any change in the existing flux, this law is called.

Lenz law

53. A fourth generation language used for database retrieval

QUERY Language

54. A material that becomes strongly magnetized in the same direction has a magnetizing field is classified as

Ferromagnetic

55. The dividing line for a coupling capacitor at a specific frequency can be taken as

Xc = 1/10th of the series resistance

56. The ideal DC output voltage of a capacitor input filter is equal to

The peak value of the rectified voltage

57. For an AC waveform, the period refers to

The length of time required to complete one cycle

58. The circular area of round wire doubles for

Every 3 gauge sizes

59. The constant current region of a FET lies between

Pinch off and breakdown

60. The capacitive reactance of a capacitor is

Inversely proportional tot he frequency

61. Another name for packing software is

Commercial

62. For a moving coil meter movement, Im is

The amount of current needed in the moving coil to produce full scale deflection pointer of the meter

63. Reversal flow of current in a circuit

Reverses the magnetic polarity

64. What law in electronics were an induced current will be in such a direction that its own magnetic field will oppose the magnetic field that produces the same

Lenz law

65. A constant current source

Supplies constant current in a wide load resistances and has very high internal resistance

66. In an ideal integrator, the feedback element is a

Capacitor

67. One microweber equals

One hundred maxwells

68. The class D amplifier uses

Pulse Width Modulation

69. A bundle of basic software designed to works together

Suite

70. When a lowpass and high pass filter are cascaded to get a bandpass filter, a critical frequency of a low pass filter must be

Greater than the critical frequency of the high pass filter

71. A certain common emitter amplifier has a voltage gain of 100. If the emitter bypass capacitor is removed,

the voltage gain will decrease.

72. When demagnetized properly by applying an AC field gradually reduce it to 0 is called

The gaussian

73. Common types of thyristors includes

DIACS and TRIACS

74. Compare the phase angle between two waveforms, both have

The same frequency

75. Computer users can increase hard disk capacity with

Removable hard disk cartridge

76. If you are looking for both good voltage gain and a high input resistance, you must use a

CS amplifier

77. The disc storage that uses both a magnet and a laser beam

Magneto optical

78. The bias condition for a transistor to be used as a linear amplifier is called

Forward reverse

79. In a series circuit, individual resistor voltage drop is

Proportional to the series resistance values

80. When the voltage drop of an amplifier is increased,

the bandwidth decreases

81. In transistors, class B amplifier bias

At midpoint of the load line

82. For a relay, the holding current is defined as

The minimum amount of relay coil current required to keep a relay energized

83. The input resistance of a common base amplifier is

Very low

84. One ampere turn is equivalent to

1.206 gilberts

85. 60 hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of half wave rectifier, the output frequency is

60 hz

86. In electromagnetism, what law that determines the polarity of induced voltage

Lenz law

87. In every increase of 10 degree celcius operating temperature of a diode which results to its reversal current to

Double

88. What is the efficiency of power transfer of properly matched load conditions

50%

89. If there is an internal opening between the drain and source of the CS amplifier, the drain voltage is equal to

VDD

90. FM modulation is achieved by

Mixing the carrier signal with the modulating signal

91. Common mode gain is

Very low

92. Holes in an N type semiconductor are

Minority carriers that are thermally produced

93. For an analog VOM with the mirror along the printed scale, the meter is read when

the pointer hits the mirror reflection and appears as one

94. If the control voltage to a VCO increases,

the output frequency increases

95. A small signal amplifier,

uses only a small portion of its load line

96. When a receiver is tuned to one frequency to another,

The IF stays the same

97. A TLL maintains lock by comparing

The phase of two signals

98. Transistor in a Class C amplifier conducts for

A very small percentage of the input cycle

99. In a magnetic circuit, a flux that is away from the leak path is called

Leakage Flux

100. In an AM receiver, the IF amplifier is tuned to

455 kHz

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

---

This is the Section 2 Module 20 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 20

1. The token ring network control access to the network using

Ans. Token passing

2. For silicon diode the potential

Ans. 0.7

3. At which JFET amplifier are the ac input and output is 180 degree out of phase

Ans. Common source amplifier

4. n-type high pass filter consists of

Ans. series capacitor and parallel inductors

5. ac resistance of the diode decreases as the

Ans. dc current at the diode increases

6. what current flows in a semiconductor to the applied electric field

Ans. drift current

7. which transistor region is very thin and lightly doped

Ans. base

8. among the 3 characteristics of a transistor amplifier which region is normally employed for linear (undistorted)

Ans. active region

9. which of the following transistor amplifier configuration provides a 180 degrees phase shift between the input and output voltage

Ans. common Emitter amp

10. at forward bias condition what would happen to the diode resistance when the applied voltage is increased

Ans. it will decrease

11. a JFET is

Ans. both a unipolar device and voltage controlled

12. the network derived from c++

Ans. java

13. which is the most sensitive mode of operation for a TRIAC

Ans. mode 1

14. what device is formed when an n-type and p-type semiconductors are brought together

Ans. junction diode

15. in an op-amp summing amplifier the input are effectively isolated from each other because of the

Ans. virtual ground

16. English like language that one can use as a system design tool

Ans. pseudocode

17. what diode parameter will inform the user as to what factor the handling capability of the diode is reduced as the operating temperature increases

Ans. power derating factor

18. which of the following JFET amplifiers has a high input impedance and low Zout and a voltage gain less than 1

Ans. source follower

19. What would happen to the channel of a JFET as the current flows through it

Ans. Skews

20. A T-type low pass filter consists of

Ans. Series inductor and bypass capacitors

21. What is the minimum voltage required before a diode can conduct in a forward direction

Ans. Threshold voltage

22. The memory area for program with highest priority

Ans. Foreground

23. A depletion type MOSFET is a

Ans. Normally on device

24. A power line filter used to reduced interference is an example of

Ans. Low pass filter

25. A virus that replicated itself is a

Ans. Worm

26. In a transistor which is the largest of all doped region is

Ans. Collector region

27. A semiconducting glass is known as ____ semiconductor

Ans. Amorphous

28. A forward conducting amplifier should be biased

Ans. At midway between saturation and cut off

29. When examining the frequency response curve of an RC low pass filter, it is seen that the rate of roll-off above the cut-off frequency is

Ans. Both 6db/octave and 20 db/ decade

30. The acceptor level in a doped semiconductor

Ans. Is near the valence band level

31. Removing the emitter bypass capacitor will

Ans. Decrease the voltage gain and increase the input impedance (14:26)

32. The person who feel the role of change agent

Ans. System analyst

33. In an inverting amplifier the virtual ground

Ans. Has the same potential as the ground yet it is an sync current

34. Which type of amplifier is the input applied in a emitter and the output is taken in the collector.

Ans. Common base

35. Which of the following biasing techniques has the most stable Q point

Ans. Base bias

36. A diode circuit that is used to cut a portion of the input signal is called

Ans. Clipper

37. A logarithmic on logarithmic graph paper with 2 to 1 range frequency is called a

Ans. Octave

38. An image made out of dots

Ans. Half tone

39. For an SCR the holding current is defined as

Ans. The minimum anode current required to hold the SCR in its conducting state

40. What is the only amplifier configuration that provides both voltage and current gain

Ans. Common emitter amplifier

41. Housing all hardware, software, storage and processing in one location

Ans. Centralized processing

42. On logarithmic graph paper a 10 to 1 range of frequency is called a

Ans. Decade

43. A JFET parameter that describes how effect the gate source voltage is in controlling the gate current is called its

Ans. Transconductance 18:03

44. What voltage across the gate source terminal of an FET causes the current IG to be zero

Ans. Pinch-off voltage

45. A voltage that varies the magnitude that does not reverse in polarity

Ans. Pulsating DC voltage

46. A multi-programming the processes of confining each programming to certain define limits in memory is called

Ans. Memory protection

47. A forward breakover voltage of an SCR

Ans. Decreases as the gate current increases

48. A charted position in a department or organization is

Ans. An organization chart

49. Which of the ff types of bias produces the most unstable Q point of a JFET amplifier

Ans. Gate bias

50. When a pulsating DC voltage is applied as an input to the primary of the transformer the output in the secondary contains

Ans. Only the AC component of the input signal

51. In what operating region does the collector of a transistor act like a current source

Ans. Active region

52. A half wave rectifier is a good example of a

Ans. Series clipper

53. Which JFET amplifier is also known as a source follower

Ans. The common drain amplifier

54. A network with a diode an a capacitor that is used to shift the DC level of the input signal is called a

Ans. Clamper

55. To avoid damaging MOSFETs during handling

Ans. Alway wear a grounded wrist strap

Bns. Never insert or remove them from a circuit when the power is on

Cns. Never apply an input signal when the DC supply power is off

Dns. ALL OF THE ABOVE

56. For an improvement of a diode capacitor half wave voltage doubler to a full wave voltage doubler uses how many capacitors

Ans. 2

57. To forward bias a diode

Ans. The anode voltage must be more positive with respect the cathode

58. When used a voltage regulator a zener diode is normally

Ans. Reverse biased

59. A full wave rectifier the DC load current equals 1 A how much current does each diode carry

Ans. 1/2 ampere

60. Which of the ff JFET amplifier has the lowest input impedance

Ans. The common gate amplifier

61. The SVLC is defined as a project involving

Ans. 5 phases

62. A P-type semiconductor is a semiconductor doped with

Ans. Trivalent impurity atoms

63. An operating system is a

Ans. Set of programs

64. For an enhancement-MOSFET the threshold voltage is

Ans. Minimum gate source voltage that makes drain current flow

65. Which of the ff is best suited for controlling power in AC circuits

Ans. Triac

66. For a 1st order active low pass filter how fast does the input volt age roll off above the cut off frequency

Ans. Both 20db per octave and 6 db per decade

67. What do you call a very small amount of current that flows in a transistor during reverse bias

Ans. Reverse saturation current

68. N-type semiconductor is a semiconductor that is doped with

Ans. Pentavalent impurity atoms

69. Which of the following amplifiers has the lowest efficiency under large signal conditions

Ans. RC coupled class A amplifiers

70. The first approximation the forward bias diode is treated like a/an

Ans. Closed switch with a voltage drop of 0 volts

71. The transistor in a class B push pull amplifier are biased Slightly above cutoff to prevent

Ans. Crossover distortion

72. The capacitor in an RC coupling circuit

Ans. Blocks the steady DC component of the input voltage

73. The lowest level of programming language

Ans. Machine language

74. The people who will contact with the system such as employees and customers are

Ans. Users

75. which region of a transistor is the most heavily doped

Ans. emitter region

76. the cut off frequency of a filter is the frequency which the output voltage is

Ans. reduced to 70.7 percent of its maximum

77. which of the following classes of amplifier has the highest power efficiency

Ans. class c amplifier

78. what do you call a clipper circuit where a diode is shunted with the load

Ans. parallel clipper

79. Thyristors are used extensively in

Ans. high power switching applications

80. once an SCR is conducting

Ans. the gate losses all control

81. What is formed when n-type and p-type semiconductors are brought together

Ans. pn junction

82. for a transistor to function as an amplifier

Ans. the E-B junction must be forward biased and the C-B junction must be reversed bias

83. what impedance is presented by a junction operating in its zener breakdown region

Ans. zener impedance

84. one or more computers connected in a hub computer is a/an

Ans. star network

85. RC phase shifting network is used in a SCR and triac circuit to

Ans. Control the conduction angle of the thyristor

86. The maximum power the diode can handle is

Ans. Maximun dissipation power

87. Phase 1 of a system project involves

Ans. A system survey

88. Corresponding memory spaces for a page are called

Ans. Page frames

89. A junction diode is said to be forward bias if

Ans. A voltage greater than threshold is applied with cathode less positive than anode

90. Negative resistance diode commonly used in microwave oscillators/ detectors sometimes used as amplifiers. This device is also known as

Ans. A tunnel diode

91. Decibel attenuation of a passive filter at the cut off frequency is

Ans. -3db

92. What is the most important specification of a semiconductor diode

Ans. Current capacity

93. The scope and true nature of the problem is determined during

Ans. Preliminary investigation

94. When a class B push pull amplifier uses a split type power supply

Ans. Both no output coupling capacitor is required and a greater amount of power can be obtained

95. A diode capacitor voltage quadrupe what is the voltage across the 3rd stage capacitor

Ans. 2 Vmax

96. What will happen to the threshold voltage of a diode when it operates at higher temperatures

Ans. It decreases

97. When the transistor is saturated Vc is approximately

Ans. Zero volts

98. A class C amplifier is commonly used as a/an

i. Tuned RF amplifier

99. Which factor was not a major contributor to the emerge of the internet

Ans. Frames

100. Preparing a program desk checking and transmitting are examples of

Ans. testing

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

---

This is the Section 2 Module 19 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 19

1. Q: Minimum Frequency a Direct – Coupled something can pass

A: 0 Hertz

2. Q: Minimum Frequency of LPF

A: 0 Hertz

3. Q: Open Circuit Silicon Diode DMM Reading

A: 0 L

4. Q: Open Silicon BJT DMM Reading

A: 0 L

5. Q: Advantage of oscillator to amplifier

A: Does not require input signal

6. Q: 1^st criteria for oscillator

A: Phase Shift of 0 degrees

7. Q: 2^nd criteria for oscillator

A: Loop Gain of 1

8. Q: Fixed or magnetic force on a Vane into _____ vane

A: Vane-Panel Instrument

9. Q: Something summer

A: Resistance proportional to weight inputs

10. Q: Fastest Logic

A: ECL

11. Q: Diode conducts positive while transistor reverse

A: DTL

12. Q: Family to input

A: Fan – In

13. Q: Wein Bridge employs

A: positive feedback

14. Q: Comparator with Hysteresis

A: feed to non-inverting input

15. Q: N-type D-MOSFET with positive Vgs operates in

A: Enhancement

16. Q: D-MOSFET can operate in

A: Both enhancement and depletion

17. Q: E-MOSFET

A: completely closed depletion region

18. Q: A forward biased diode produces

A: Current in the form of holes and electron

19. Q: Rarest material among choices

A: Germanium

20. Q: Used to detect near infrared signal

A: Germanium

21. Q: Fastest among choices

A: Indium Antiminode

22. Q: Used in high temperature applications

A: Silicon Carbide

23. Q: After hold process in auto welding

A: Release

24. Q: Used to help people with something.

A: Industrial Robots

25. Q: Differentiator used what as feedback

A: Resistor

26. Q: Input a step to an integrator equals

A: Ramp

27. Q: Forward Biased Diode DMM Reading

A: approx 0.7 Volts

28. Q: Diode DMM

A: 0.7 Volts

29. Q: Zero to critical frequency

A: Mid-range frequencies

30. Q: High Pass Filter

A: Above Critical Frequencies

31. Q: Determines passband

A: Critical Frequencies

32. Q: Determines Line Regulation

A: Input Voltage/Output Voltage

33. Q: What is Line regulation

A: Change in input voltage, constant output voltage

34. Q: Determines Load Regulation

A: Load Current/Output Voltage

35. Q:What is Load Regulation

A: Change in load current, constant output voltage

36. Q: Class A power amplifier ratio ____ to output power

A: input DC signal

37. Q: A zero peak detector is a type of

A: Comparator

38. Q: Components of Comparator

A: Peak Detector, Diode, Capacitor

39. Q: When does zero peak detector changes output

A: at zero crossing

40. Q: IF of AM

A: 455 Khz

41. Q: IF Frequency in Receiver

A: Difference of Local Oscillator and Modulated RF

42. Q: Mixer

A: Local Oscillator plus modulating signal

43. Q: Atomic No. of Copper

A: 29

44. Q: Difference of OLED to LED

A: Both have organic material to substitute for PN junction

45. Q: LED

A: Emits light energy when forward biased

46. Q: Advantages of LED over fluorescent

A: All of the above (longer life, less power, tska isa pa)

47. Q: What should be considered when using diode as switch

A: Reverse recovery time

48. Q: Energy required for valence electron in conduction band

A: 0.05 eV

49. Q: External Transistor of Regulator

A: Increases current capability that the regulator can handle

50. Q: Linear Regulator operates

A: All of the time

51. Q: Switching Regulator operates

A: Part of the time

52. Q: Required something

A: 1 parts per million

53. Q: _____

A: Bidirectional Trigger Diac

54. Q: Colpitts, Hatley, Clapp oscillators are example of

A: LC oscillators

55. Q: Pole in filter terminology

A: RC circuits

56. Q: Above cut-off Frequency

A: roll-off rate

57. Q: Miller input capacitance may depend on

A: Voltage Gain

58. Q: Where was ENIAC developed

A: University of Pennsylvania

59. Q:PUT

A: Turns on/off with gate to anode current

60. Q: OTA is a ________

A: voltage to current amplifier

61. Q: Single Ended Differential Input Amplifier

A: two inputs have different polarity

62. Q: OTA is controlled by

A: Bias Current

63. Q: Infrared compared to visible light

A: Longer wavelength

64. Q: Holding voltage across A-K

A: When less than, SCR is off

65. Q: How to turn off SCR

A: Interrupt anode current

66. Q: Holding Current of SCR

A: When current is below, SCR will turn off

67. Q: Output bounded comparator

A: Changes level output

68. Q: Coupling Isolated Amplifier

A: Capacitor

69. Q: Diode with Negative resistance coefficient

A: Tunnel Diode

70. Q: Quiescent point of Class A power amp

A: ½ peak input signal power

71. Q: Network that allows sharing of resources

A: Peer to peer network

72. Q: AM Demodulator

A: Linear multiplier followed by LPF

73. Q: Advantage of crystal oscillator

A: Stability

74. Q: Ideally, increase in frequency of feedback op-amp

A: Mid-range frequencies stay the same

75. Q: Inventor of ENIAC and UNIVAC

A: Eckert and Mauchly

76. Q: Which of the ff can damage a MOSFET

A: All of the above (electrostatic, excess heat, excess voltage)

77. Q: Steady state variable filter

A: 1 summing amplifier followed by 2 integrators

78. Q: Roll-off rate changes with _____

A: number of RC circuits

79. Q: What determines roll-off rate

A: Internal Capacitance

80. Q: Sallen-key filter

A: 2^nd order

81. Q: Varactor

A: variable capacitor, reverse biased

82. Q: Photodiode coupled with LED ammeter reading _____ when switched to reverse bias

A: Decrease

83. Q: Generate signals with different frequency, amplitude accurately

A: signal generator

84. Q: Consideration of real diode

A: All of the above (reverse resistance, forward resistance)

85. Q: In analyzing different signals ____

A: Quadrant Capable _____

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

---

This is the Section 2 Module 18 of the compiled Electronics Review Materials taken from different sources including but not limited to Electronics books, past Board Exams Questions, Journals and the Internet. This particular reviewer in Electronics Engineering has random Questions and Answers in random topics. Make sure to familiarize each questions to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

Electronics Engineering Reviewers: Section 2 Module 18

1. IGBT – high voltage applications

2. In parallel AC alternators, voltage is changed by – varying field excitation

3. In parallel AC alternators, frequency is changed by – varying rpm of the prime movers

4. HASHING – applied to a KEY

5. Photodiode internal resistance when light is applied – decreases when reverse-biased

6. Connect computers – Network

7. Connecting Wide Network – Backbone

8. Data encryption that prevents theft – DES

9. Synchronous AC motor – dc generator + dc field excitation ( longest answer )

10. 6 lead acid – 12V

11. 9V flat battery – 6 batteries in series

12. Silver cadmium battery – 1.05V

13. Centralized processing system - A teleprocessing system

14. Cascode configuration – Common Emitter and Common Base ( in order, “CB and CE” is included in the choices)

15. High starting torque – dc series motor

16. A need for sudden high torque of short periods – cumulatively compound motor

17. Cumulatively compound motor doesn’t run wildly/widely @ low inputs due to – SHUNT resistor

18. Digital recorded message recorded and sent to others – voice mail

19. Comparator with hysteresis – has 2 trigger points

20. CMOS – n-channel & p-channel

21. 20 db roll-off rate – is equivalent to a change with a factor of 10 every decade

22. Feedback pair – NPN and PNP

23. Used after op-amp to adjust output – level-shifter

24. Level shifter – used to adjust output of op-amp to 0 volts when input is 0V

25. How is Common Gate (CG) different from CS and CD (FETs) – lower input impedance

26. Program that will attack given certain conditions - bomb

27. Uses hierarchal method for searching – Gopher

28. Barcode is an example of an – input device

29. Barcode - UPC

30. Instrumentation devices used at – high noise environments/devices

31. Differential gain divided by common mode gain – CMRR

32. . . . - Frequency Response

33. When an op-amp has zero input its ideal output is – 0V

34. Frequency where 0.707 of the output voltage occurs – break frequency

35. . . . – Critical Frequency

36. . . . – Coupling Capacitor

37. Capacitive Divider – Colpitts oscillator

38. RC network … - Relaxation Oscillator

39. The approximate value of the bias-input op-amp . . . – parallel combination of the feedback and input resistors

40. High speed attained by – parallel processing

41. Connecting LANs thru the internet protocol – IP Switch

42. Q point of Class C amplifier – below cut-off

43. Q point of Class AB amplifier – slightly above cut-off

44. Class B most prone to - Crossover Distortion

45. Class A has the – least distortion

46. Distortion occurring when not all frequencies passed – Amplitude distortion

47. Distortion occurring when the signal output is not produced linearly as the input – Non-linear Distortion

48. First browser to be invented – Mosaic

49. Copper loss amounts to __% of the loss – 85%

50. Which of the losses is the most in motors – Copper loss

51. Transformer is efficient because it is – a static device

52. Birthplace of the World Wide Web – CERN

53. To increase drain current – decrease gate-to source voltage

54. In a push pull configuration ICQ must be – equal to the current in the bias and feedback resistors

55. FM IF – higher then AM IF

56. Discriminator or detector – recognizes audio signal

57. Insulting messages – flaming

58. Getting password – social engineering

59. Low input offset op-amp voltage – 0.2mV

60. DIP or Dual-in-Line Packaging – TO-116

61. RAID - Data Mirroring

62. Usually computer threats are – discovered accidentally

63. Lagging p.f. of 0.8 will have ____ voltage regulation than at unity power factor – greater

64. Difference between MOSFET and JFET – JFET has a pn junction

65. When a triangular wave is fed to a differentiator the output is a – square wave

66. The usual input to electric switching devices – square wave

67. The armature always generates – Alternating Current

68. The amount of time it takes the arm track device . . . – seek time

69. Dirt in the commutator results to – excessive sparking

70. 4-layer junction device will conduct if – forward break over voltage exceeded

71. In a voltage divider, if the resistor connected to ground is removed before a transistor – it will be driven into saturation

72. Double ended diff amp – opposite polarity applied to input

73. Single ended diff amp – one input grounded, other input has a signal

74. Op amps usually driven by dual polarity source but can also be operated by a single polarity source if – voltage is supplied to a reference voltage

75. Ideal op-amp – has high input impedance

76. . . . – decrease the capacitance, wider its bandwidth

77. Voltage produced if there is – relative motion between conducting wires and magnetic field

78. Zener diode at 3.6V will be at the – ZENER BREAKDOWN (not avalanche breakdown)

79. Self Biased JFET connected to – 0V (not ground)

80. The pulse from a multivibrator is controlled by the – resistors and the capacitors

81. OTA – transconductance & load resistor

82. . . . (having to do something with itself, ganyan context nung question) – polymorphism

83. In Parallel AC generators the ____ is important – phase angle

84. Average DC voltage in a full wave bridge type rectifier – 0.636Vmax

85. When a transistors is in cut-off or saturation it acts like a – switch

86. When a PC is treated like a terminal – Emulation

87. When a server has access to all clients – client / server network

88. Difference of SCS from SCR – SCS has 2 gates

89. Frequency controlled thru changing the voltage – VCO

90. Purpose of the damper windings – prevent hunting

91. Before updating sequential . . . it is – Sorted

92. Contains memory of browsing – cookie file

93. Processing transactions in groups is called – batch processing

94. Key factor in installation that has meet with disaster – a loss of processing ability

95. When the op-amp can be controlled thru external resistors – programmable op-amp

96. Used so that the incoming signal will not interfere to the transmitting signal – Transponder

Complete List of Section 2 Modules in Electronics (Q&A)

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