Chapter 23: Data-link Protocols and Data Communications Networks - Review Notes

This is the summary notes of the important terms and concepts in Chapter 23 of the book "Electronic Communications System" by Wayne Tomasi. The notes are properly synchronized and concise for much better understanding of the book. Make sure to familiarize this review notes to increase the chance of passing the ECE Board Exam.

CHAPTER 23

DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

Items	Definitions	Terms
1	The primary goal of __________ is to give users of a network the tools necessary for setting up the network and performing data flow control.	Network Architecture
2	A set of rules implementing and governing an orderly exchange of data between two layer devices.	Data-Link Protocol
3	The transmitting station in a data link protocol.	Master Station
4	The receiving station in a data link protocol.	Slave Station
5	Data link network wherein all stations have equal access to the network.	Peer-to Peer Network
6	Discipline, Flow Control and Error Control.	Functions of Data-link Protocol
7	Coordinates hop-to-hop data delivery where a hop may be a computer, a network controller, or some type of network-connecting device.	Line Discipline
8	Determines which device is transmitting and which is receiving at any point in time.	Line Discipline
9	Coordinates the rate which data are transported over a link and generally provides an acknowledgement mechanism.	Flow Control
10	Specifies means of detecting and correcting transmission errors.	Error Control
11	Two fundamental ways that line discipline is accomplished in a data communications network.	Enquiry/ Acknowledgement (ENQ/ACK) and Poll/Select
12	It determines which device on the network can initiate a transmission and whether the intended receiver is available and ready to receive a message.	ENQ/ACK
13	The initiating station begins a session by transmitting a frame, block, or packet of data called _________, which identifies the receiving station.	Enquiry (ENQ)
14	The response of the destination station when it is ready to receive.	Positive Acknowledgement (ACK)
15	The response of the destination station when it is not ready to receive.	Negative Acknowledgement (NAK)
16	The best application of the poll/select line discipline.	Centrally Controlled Data Network
17	A solicitation sent from the primary to a secondary to determine if the secondary has data to transmit.	Poll
18	A set of procedures that tells the transmitting station how much data it can send before it must stop transmitting and wait for an acknowledgment from the destination station.	Flow Control
19	The transmitting station sends one message frame and then waits for an acknowledgement before sending the next message frame.	Stop-and Wait Flow Control
20	A source station can transmit several frames in succession before receiving an acknowledgement.	Sliding Window Flow Control
21	It refers to imaginary receptacles at the source and destination stations with the capacity of holding several frames of data.	Sliding Window
22	Primary advantage of sliding window control.	Network Utilization
23	Primary disadvantages of sliding window flow control.	Complexity and Hardware Capacity
24	Interpret a frame of data as a group of successive bits combined into predefined patterns of fixed length, usually eight bits each.	Character Oriented Protocols
25	Another name for character oriented protocols.	Byte-oriented Protocols
26	A discipline for serial by bit information transfer over a data communications channel.	Bit Oriented Protocol
27	A character-oriented protocols generally used on two point networks using asynchronous data and asynchronous modems.	Asynchronous Data link Protocols
28	Developed the first file transfer protocol designed to facilitate transferring data between two personal computers in 1979.	Ward Christiansen
29	Cristiansen's protocol which is relatively simple data link protocol intended for lows-peed applications.	XMODEM
30	Remote stations can have more than one PC or printer.	Synchronous Data-Link Protocols
31	A group of computers, printers, and other digital devices.	Cluster
32	A synchronous character-oriented data link protocol developed by IBM.	Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC)
33	Another name for BSC.	Bisync
34	Another name for enquiry (ENQ) character.	Format or line turn around
35	The __________ uses longitudinal redundancy checking (LRC) with ASCII coded messages and cyclic redundancy checking.	Block Check Character (BCC)
36	A synchronous bit oriented protocol developed in the 1970's by IBM for use in system network architecture environment.	Synchronous Data-Link Control (SDLC)
37	Three transmission states.	Transient, Idle and Active
38	Flag Fields, Address Field, Control Field, Information and Frame Check Sequence Field are __________.	SDLC Frame Fields
39	It is used for the delimiting sequence for the frame and to achieve frame and character synchronization.	Flags
40	It is used for polling, confirming previously received frames, and several other data link management functions.	Control Field
41	Three frame formats with SDLC.	Information, Supervisory and Unnumbered
42	A command or a response that is used to send unnumbered information.	Unnumbered Information (UI)
43	A command that places a secondary station into the initialization mode.	Set Initialization Mode
44	A response sent by a secondary station to request the primary to send a SIM command.	Request Initialization Mode (RIM)
45	A command that places a secondary into the normal response mode.	Set Normal Response Mode (SNRM)
46	A response transmitted from a secondary station if the primary attempts to send numbered information frames to it when the secondary is in the normal disconnect mode.	Disconnect Mode (DM)
47	A response sent by a secondary when it wants the primary to place it in the disconnect mode.	Request Disconnect (RD)
48	An affirmative response that indicates compliance to SIM, SNRM or DISC commands.	Unnumbered Acknowledgement
49	An exchange of frames between the primary station and a secondary station.	TEST
50	A flag followed by eight consecutive logic 0's.	Turnaround Sequence
51	A SDLC subcommand causes all previously set functions to be cleared by the secondary.	Clear
52	A SLDC subcommand causes the secondary receiving it to turn on or turn off its carrier.	Beacon Test
53	A SDLC command causes the addressed secondary station to pace itself into the monitor mode.	Monitor Mode
54	A SDLC command causes a secondary station to loop its transmission directly to its receiver input.	Wrap
55	A SDLC command causes the addressed secondary to initiate a series of internal diagnostic tests.	Self-Test
56	The transparency mechanism used with SDLC.	Zero Bit Insertion or Zero Stuffing
57	It is used prematurely terminate an SDLC frame.	Message Abort
58	The encoding scheme used in SDLC.	Invert-On-Zero Coding
59	Standard that defines the frame structure, delimiting sequence, transparency mechanism and error detection method used with HDLC.	ISO 3309
60	Operational Mode of SDLC.	Normal Response Mode (NRM)
61	A mode of operation logically equivalent to a two point private line circuit where each station has equal data link responsibilities.	Asynchronous Balanced Mode
62	A switched data communications network similar to the public telephone network except a PDN is designed for transferring data only.	Public Switched Data Network (PDN)
63	It is used when making a standard telephone call on the public telephone network.	Circuit Switching
64	Is a form of store and forward network?	Message Switching
65	Another name for packet switching.	Hold and Forward Network
66	A user interface as the international standard for packet network access.	X.25
67	SA logically equivalent to a two point dedicated private line circuit except slower.	Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)
68	A logically equivalent to making a telephone call through the DDD network except no direct end to end connection is made.	Virtual Call
69	Identifies whether the packet is a new call request or a previously established call.	Format Identifier
70	A 12 bit binary number that identifies the source and destination users for a given virtual call.	Logical Channel Identifier
71	This four bit gives the number of digits that appear in the calling address filed.	This four bit gives the number of digits that appear in the calling address filed.
72	This field is the same as the calling address field except that it identifies the number of digits that appear in the called address field	Called Address Length
73	This field contains the destination address.	Called Address
74	This field is the same as the called address field except that it contains up to 15 BCD.	Calling Address
75	This field identifies the number of eight bit octets present in the facilities field.	Facilities Length Field
76	This 32 bit field is reserved for the subscriber to insert user level protocol.	Protocol Identifier
77	A proposed network designed by the major telephone companies in conjunction with the ITU-T.	Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
78	Customers gain access to the ISDN system through a local interface connected to a digital transmission medium.	Digital Pipe
79	ISDN objectives that ensure universal access to the network.	System Standardization
80	Said objectives that allow customers to use a variety of protocols and applications	Achieving Transparency
81	ISDN should not provide services that preclude competitiveness	Separating Functions
82	Provide private-line and switched services refer what objectives of ISDN.	Variety of Configurations
83	ISDN services should not be directly related to cost and independent of the nature of the data.	Addressing Cost-Related Tariffs
84	Provide a smooth transition while evolving.	Migration
85	Provide service to low capacity personal subscribers as well as to large companies.	Multiplexed Support
86	Translation between non-ISDN data protocol and ISDN is performed in this device.	Terminal Adapter
87	A boundary to the network and may be controlled by the ISDN provider.	Network Termination 1
88	Refers to interfaces between the common carrier subscriber loop and the central office switch.	U-Reference Point
89	The media interface point between an NT1 and the central office.	U Loop
90	It is defined by ITU-T as a service that provides transmission channels capable of supporting transmission rates greater than the primary data rate.	Broadband ISDN
91	Information transfer is primarily from service provider to subscriber	Distribution Services
92	Codes the data information into smaller packets used by the BISDN network	Broadband Node
93	A connection between a source and a destination, which may entail several ATM links.	Virtual Channel
94	Once data have entered the ATM network, they transferred into fixed time slots called ________.	Cells
95	Controls the flow of traffic across the user network interface (UNI) and into the network.	Generic Flow Control Field (GFC)
96	The first three bits of the second half of byte 4 specify the type of message in cell.	Payload Type Identifier
97	Information fields that are designed to accommodate PCM-TDM traffic, which allows the ATM network to emulate voice or DSN services.	Constant Bit Rate
98	A portion of a public service provider's switching system where the service provider could be a local telephone company or a long-distance carrier.	Public ATM Switches
99	Provides the most effective and economical means of handling local data communications field.	Local Area Networks (LAN)
100	A communications system that allows users to send messages to each other through their computers.	E-Mails
101	LAN Topologies.	Star, Bus and Ring Topology
102	It describes how users access the communications channel in a LAN.	Network Access Methodologies
103	Access method used primarily in bus topology.	CDMA/CD
104	It two stations transmit at the same time, ________ occurs.	Collision
105	The time it takes a signal to travel from a source to a destination.	Propagation Delay
106	A base band transmission system designed in 1972 by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs.	Ethernet
107	Its purpose is to establish clock synchronization.	Preamble
108	It is simply a series of two logic 1's appended to the end of the preamble.	Start Frame Delimiter
109	Consists of six bytes that corresponds to the address of the station sending the frame.	Source Address

Complete List of Reviewers in Electronic Communications System per Chapter

Reviewer in Electronic Communications System by Wayne Tomasi

Important List of Communications Engineering Materials

Communications Engineering Coaching Materials

Series of Communications Engineering Exams: ECE Pre-Board

Series of Questions and Answers in Communications Engineering

Multiple Choice Questions in Data Communications and Networking

---